An analysis of language teaching approaches and methods effectiveness and weakness liu qingxue, shi jinfang foreign language school, east china jiaotong university, nanchang jiangxi 3300,china abstract. The audiolingual method this method is based on the principles of behavior psychology. She will explain if necessary words of the dialogue they dont understand. The audio lingual method became a popular approach to foreign language teaching in the mid20th century and still plays an important role in many classes. However, the attainment is d emanded on the both aspect. It contains detailed specifications of content, roles of teachers and learners, and teaching procedures and techniques. Where a method or approach has extensive and acknowledged links to a particular tradition in second or foreign language teaching, this historical background is treated in the first section of each chapter. The grammar translation method was the earliest language teaching method to be formalised and. The audiolingual method, army method, or new key, is a method used in teaching foreign languages.
Application of audio lingual method in english lessons. In addition, a method refers to a specific instructional design or system based on a particular theory of language and of language learning. That is, the student is not allowed to take a short cut by. Pdf on oct 1, 2009, abdelrahman husni abumelhim and others published reevaluating the effectiveness of the audiolingual method in teaching english to speakers of other languages find, read. Therefore, current teaching practices still use audiolingual approach, but combine it with traditional practices in order to make. Materials by michael jerald video demonstration lesson plan teaching points 1. It is expected that the result of the study will provide a deeper understanding about using audiolingual teaching as teaching method for english teachers and also for the readers. It was the outbreak of world war ii, which created the need to post large number of american servicemen all over the world. Teachers taught from books containing short reading passages in the foreign language, preceded by lists of vocabulary. The first method we will observe is the audio lingual method or alm.
Conditioning helping learners to respond correctly to stimuli through shaping and reinforcement. Communicative language teaching clt and the post method. Language teaching methods explores various methodologies of english language teaching. The first method we will observe is the audiolingual method or alm. The communicative language teaching could be said to be a reaction to audiolingual method and grammar translation method. Methodology tasks language awareness grammar tasks phonetics and phonology english as a lingua franca contact sue if you are having problems. Jun 01, 20 this presentation is all about the audio lingual method of teaching languages. The audiolingual method chapter 4 approaches and methods. The method emphasised speech as the primary mode of expression.
Teachers methodology and techniques in teaching grammar. Among all, communicative language teaching clt is one of the new approaches. This study is aimed to describe the objective condition of the teaching simple past tense through audio lingual method at eighth grade of smp islam alfajar pamulang. In the audio lingual method, the classroom atmosphere is the main actor. Audiolingual method is a method whose implementation focused on the activities of drills, memorize vocabulary, dialogue, text reading. Th us, the audio lingual method refers to the method that it is compressed on t he chain drill to master y the target language b y memorizing and repeat, a nd the wrong ness of spea king is avoided. In the audio lingual method, the emphasis was on the memorization of a series of dialogues and the rote practice of language structures.
Pdf reevaluating the effectiveness of the audiolingual. They will then pair up with another student to practice the dialogue. In relation to the audio lingual method, richards and rodgers 2001 claimed that students were often found to be unable to transfer skills acquired through audiolingualism to real communication outside the classroom p. The audiolingual method alm gained attention in the 1950s, largely in the usa where it was rooted in the militarys need during world war ii to train large volumes of personnel in disparate languages.
In relation to the audiolingual method, richards and rodgers 2001 claimed that students were often found to be unable to transfer skills acquired through audiolingualism to real communication outside the classroom p. Pattern practice, as a functional part of the audiolingual. As with any method, the audiolingual method probably suffered more than anything because it was just that. Feb 18, 2015 these slides explain a little bit about this method used for teaching. This approach was developed by robert langs in the early 1970s. The confusion arises ifwhen we assume that a language learned in a conventional way cannot be turned into conversation. The communicative language teaching could be said to be a reaction to audio lingual method and grammar translation method. The techniques of audiolingual method english language essay.
Although it claimed to have turned language teaching from an art to a science, it shared several aspects with the direct method. The audiolingual teaching method is also known as army method or new key, due to the involvement of the united states into world war ii. A good start to teach oral language proponents of the direct method are of the opinion that language consists except for lexicographers not of words, but of sentences vietor 1882, s. This method is called structural approach in britain. It is based on behaviorist theory, which professes that certain traits of living things, and in this case humans, could be trained through a system of reinforcementcorrect use of a trait would receive positive feedback while incorrect use of that trait would receive negative feedback. At the same time situational language teaching oral approach was popular in europe and contrastive analysis gained importance. In a departure from earlier methods based on reading and writing, audio lingual instruction emphasizes spoken language with correct pronunciation and grammar. The audio lingual method and the communicative language teaching method 4. The language teacher should greet hisher students in the target language from. The audiolingual method, army method, or new key,1 is a style of teaching used in teaching foreign languages. Where a method or approach has extensive and acknowledged links to a particular tradition in second or foreign language teaching, this historical background is treated.
Background of study in this paper, we would like to discuss about the audiolingual method, its principal and its procedures. Comparative study of grammar translation method gtm. Language learn ing is seen to be a process of habit formation. Activities using the audiolingual method the classroom. One of the alm teacher s major roles is that of a model of the tar get language. Pdf approaches and methods in language teaching download. Background the audiolingual method, audiooral method, army method, or new key, is a style of teaching used in teaching foreign languages. A historical overview key issues historical overview of methods and approaches to teaching english as a foreignsecond language the grammartranslation method the direct method the audiolingual method suggestopedia the silent way total physical response the natural approach the communicative approach. The audio lingual method, army method, or new key, is a method used in teaching foreign languages. The audio lingual teaching method is also known as army method or new key, due to the involvement of the united states into world war ii. Pdf on oct 1, 2009, abdelrahman husni abumelhim and others published reevaluating the effectiveness of the audiolingual method in teaching english to. It is, however, sometimes used in conjunction with other methods. About the same time eclecticism the idea that language teaching should undergo an ongoing. The student are able to give correct response rather than by making mistake.
Audio lingual method is a method whose implementation focused on the activities of drills, memorize vocabulary, dialogue, text reading. Feb, 2017 audiolingual method has a strong theoretical base in linguistics and psychology charles fries of the university of michigan led the way in applying principles from structural linguistics for this reason, audiolingual method has sometimes been referred to as michigan method 4. As the lesson began, we saw the teacher presenting a dialogue to the class. Created using powtoon free sign up at create anima. It includes the teaching preparations, the instructional material used by the english teacher, and the evaluation made by the english teacher. The audiolingual teaching method with the outbreak of world war ii armies needed to become orally proficient in the languages of their allies and enemies as quickly as possible. The audio lingual method it was nelson brooks of yale university who suggested the term audio lingual for aural oral. The nature of language, acquisition of the first language, approaches to language teaching, grammartranslation method, structural approach, audio lingual and direct method, bilingual method, communicative language teaching, language content and kinds of lessons, techniques for teaching english, teaching english in universities. There are four keys to success in teaching, they are. Audiolingual approach suggests that students be taught phonology, morphology, and syntax of the language.
It adapted many of the principles and procedures of the direct method, in part as a reaction to the lack of speaking skills of the reading approach. Comparative study of grammar translation method gtm and. The basic premises on which the method was based were that. This emphasized teaching the comprehension of texts. The linguists felt that students did not know how to communicate. Video demonstration of audiolingual method by michael jerald. Language learners are able to comprehend the foreign languge when it is spoken at normal speed and concerned with ordinary matters. It drills students in the use of grammatical sentence patterns. Watch carefully what the teacher is doing and what he is asking the students to do. Decline of audiolingualism with the appearance of transformational grammar theory, audiolingualism lost its popularity that led to a crisis in the american language teaching system.
An analysis of language teaching approaches and methods effectiveness and weakness. An analysis of the audiolingual approach as applied to. The focus of instruction is on immediate and accurate oral instruction. When teaching is based upon a systematic plan followed in presenting material for instruction, that teaching can become dogmatic, leaving teachers little room for improvisation.
The audio lingual method and the communicative language. It is based on behaviorist theory, which professes that certain traits of living things, and in this case humans, could be trained through a system of reinforcementcorrect use of a trait would receive positive feedback while incorrect. The aims mentioned above have basic principles in learning teaching interaction. The aims of the method include some aspects of language learning. The audiolingual method, which was proposed by american linguists in 1950s, was developed from the principle that a language is first of all a system of sounds for social communication. Principles of audio lingual method bocahsuwungs blog. The audiolingual method, army method, or new key, is a style of teaching used in teaching foreign languages. However, it is very different in that rather than emphasizing vocabulary acquisition through exposure to its. Grammartranslation method, direct method, audiolingual method, communicative teaching method, in order. It is based on behaviorist theory, which postulates that certain traits of living things, and in this case humans, could be trained through a system of reinforcement. Method, direct method, audio lingual method, communicative teaching method, etc are familiar enough, yet the methods are not easy to grasp in practice because a method, however illdefined it may be, is more than a.
The principles of the method derive from the aims of learning a foreign language. Background the audio lingual method, audio oral method, army method, or new key, is a style of teaching used in teaching foreign languages. As far as possible, the target language should be the medium of instruction. Base on the oxford advance leaners dictionary, audiolingual is relating to a method of language teaching that teaches speaking and listening rather than reading and writing. The aim in each case is to determine what factors are essential to or desirable in a successful audiolingual teachingmethod, s the second part of the thesis is devoted to an analysis of four i audiolingual textbooks for beginning russian students cornyn.
It is a method with which many of you may already be familiar. One of the alm teachers major roles is that of a model of the tar. This method is believed effective to make students learn english quickly. Language teaching approaches and methods have cast light on the language teaching theory and practice. Teaching alm audio lingual method alm is the first scientific method since it has roots both in. This teaching technique was initially called the army method, and was the first to be based on linguistic theory and behavioral psychology. Historically, communicative language teaching has been seen as a response to the audio. Teachers methodology and techniques in teaching grammar in. The teaching of the oral skills with accurate pronunciation, grammar and the ability to respond quickly and accurately is the main objective of audiolingual method. An analysis of the audiolingual approach as applied to methods of teaching russian. This was a joint project by diane larsenfreeman and the u.
Here is a typical procedure in an audio lingual course. Techniques and principles olanguage teaching 2nd ed. The audio lingual teaching method with the outbreak of world war ii armies needed to become orally proficient in the languages of their allies and enemies as quickly as possible. See audiolingual method materials following commentary. The students will read the dialogue to themselves and to the teacher. As in practice students are invited to learn in this case english directly without having to bring native language.
This presentation is all about the audiolingual method of teaching languages. Historically, communicative language teaching has been seen as a response to the audio lingual method and as an extension or development of. It is the students job to repeat as accurately as they can the teacher s model. This method, also known as the army method, is no longer widely adopted in esl classrooms. Application of audio lingual method in english lessons audio lingual method is a method that can make the students can use the target language communicatively and automatically without stopping to think. The stu dents just listened to the teacher at first. Using the modal combination would like using the superlative degree 3. Jul 12, 2014 in addition, a method refers to a specific instructional design or system based on a particular theory of language and of language learning. These slides explain a little bit about this method used for teaching. In the audiolingual method, the emphasis was on the memorization of a series of dialogues and. Approaches and methods in language teaching by jack c. Communicative language teaching is usually characterized as a broad approach to teaching, rather than as a teaching method with a clearly defined set of classroom practices. An analysis of the audiolingual approach as applied to methods of teaching russian by john alan woodsworth b. My colleague, michael jerald, will now demonstrate the alm.
The correct use of a trait would receive positive feedback while incorrect use of that trait would receive negative feedback. Since the primary aim is the ability in communication, language learners and their language teacher should use the target language at all times. An analysis of language teaching approaches and methods. By 1920s the direct method berlitz method in usa started to decline. The objective of the study is to explain the effectiveness of audiolingual teaching as an alternative method in improving the students speaking achievement. The coleman report in 1929 recommended a readingbased approach to foreign language teaching for use in american schools and colleges chapter 1. Example of lesson plan using the audiolingual method. The main principles on which the audio lingual method is based are the following. Foreign language learning is basically a process of mechanical habit formation. Reading and writing skills may be taught but they are dependent on the oral skills richard and rodgers, 1986. Audio lingual method, such as d ialog memorization, repetition drill and complete the dialog.